A role of the missing micro-macro elements
Chlorine (Cl). Performed functions:
Normalization of digestion due to the synthesis of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, as well as the formation of amylase, which is an enzyme that optimizes the breakdown and absorption of incoming carbohydrates; maintaining joint flexibility and muscle mass elasticity, which is especially important for professional athletes; stable liver function, breakdown and removal of toxins at the cellular level; maintaining the circulatory system.
Consequences of shortage:
Deficiency often occurs with dehydration, profuse sweating, vomiting or diarrhoea in case of poisoning, and also when taking laxatives and diuretics. A short-term shortage causes a feeling of lethargy and drowsiness, loss of appetite and the emergence of dryness in the oral cavity, which leads to a loss of taste sensation. There may be weakness in the muscles. A chronic insufficiency affects the skin, hair falls out and teeth get damaged. The daily consumption rate of chlorine is 5-7 grams.
Phosphorus (P). Performed functions:
This microelement is vital for the normal functioning of the body, namely the kidneys, liver, heart and brain. Phosphorus is essential for the health of internal organs, joints and teeth. Also, this microelement is involved in the regulation of hormone levels. Phosphorus is essential for the normal absorption of various vitamins and minerals, including the B vitamins, riboflavin and niacin. In addition, Phosphorus maintains metabolism and digestive functions, as well as normalizes metabolism. After entering the body, Phosphorus regulates the acid-base balance, which directly effects digestion.
Consequences of shortage:
Disturbances in the nervous system functioning is possible to occur; general health worsens, rapid fatigue appears, increased muscle weakness; abrupt change of mood is a distinctive characteristics, the emergence of irritability; bones and teeth suffer from a lack of phosphorus; the absorption of calcium gets impaired, which entails a range of negative consequences; appetite decreases, it is also possible to observe body weight changes; a decrease in the body's defenses, which increases the risk of frequent infectious diseases; children growth retardation because of lack of phosphorus is possible; hypophosphatemia can negatively affect the viability of erythrocytes. Daily phosphorus consumption rate depends on age and gender, and ranges from 100 to 1,250 mg per day.
Magnesium (Mg). Performed functions:
Magnesium regulates the normal functioning of the digestive system. It takes indispensable and crucial part in the proteins breakdown and assimilation processes. It also influences the strengthening of bone tissue. This macro element helps to improve Calcium absorption, which is necessary for the prevention of osteoporosis. Sufficient consumption of this macroelement reduces the risk of bone fractures. Participates in the activation of the body's defenses, resulting in immune system boost. Regulates the functioning of the nervous system. Magnesium is involved in the synthesis of endorphins. Responsible for emotional state, mood swings, sleep quality and performance. Normalizes blood pressure and helps to prevent hypertension. Magnesium resists the development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis and facilitates relaxation of the smooth muscle fibers of blood vessels. Essential for women during pregnancy. Magnesium shortage can adversely affect the formation of fetal organs. Magnesium deficiency during pregnancy can cause an increases uterine tone. Ensuring the daily requirement for a macroelement is the prevention of angina pectoris and ischemia. Facilitates the processing of fats and carbohydrates. Controls the blood sugar level, which is especially important for diabetics. Maintains the stability of the genetic material, preventing the occurrence of mutations. Involved in the conduction of nerve impulses. Prevents the deposition of Calcium in the urinary system organs (kidneys, ureters). Improves the contractile function of the muscles along with Calcium. Ensures the body's resistance to stressful situations. Helps to eliminate excessive muscle tone and convulsive activity, and also serves as a natural muscle relaxant that relaxes the muscles of the skeleton and the muscles of the internal body organs.
Consequences of shortage:
Muscle spasms: muscle hypertonicity causes involuntary twitches, tics, tremors, spasm develops simultaneously with deficiency of magnesium and B vitamins, which regulate travel of nerve impulses to muscle tissue. Sleep disorder, fatigue and apathy, hyperventilation syndrome (HVS): syndrome of excessive lungs ventilation usually develops simultaneously with increased anxiety and panic disorders. In case of HVS disorder, patient suffers from a feeling of lack of air and the need for taking frequent and deep inhalations. Diseases of the skeletal system, migraine, hypertension, autonomic dysfunction, PMS. The daily necessity of an adult for magnesium is 310-320 mg for women and 400-420 mg for men.
Potassium (K). Performed functions:
Regulates functioning heart; helps to remove the negative effects resulting consumption of large amount of salty products; reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease; helps to maintain an alkaline environment in the body; increases bone tissue density; supports functioning of the kidneys and adrenal glands; reduces pressure indicators; reduces the risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke; helps to strengthen muscles; improves cell metabolism; normalizes metabolism; reduces the likelihood of allergic reactions; helps to reduce swelling; regulates water balance.
Consequences of shortage::
Strointestinal tract functioning disorder: nausea; vomiting; gastritis; small ulcers; spasms; stomach bloating; constipation. Blood vessels functioning disorder: blood vessels spasm; pressure increase; arrhythmia. Сardiovascular system functioning change: change in heart rate; vertigo; fainting. Muscle function disorder: muscle weakness; increased fatigue; convulsions; spasms. Nervous system functioning disorder: irritability; mood swings. Skin, epidermis: skin is peeling and becomes dry; small cuts and wounds heal slowly resulting in scars. Daily dose for adults - 2.5 g, for children - 10-15 g.
Sodium (Na). Performed functions:
This element is important for effective functioning of the kidneys, nervous and digestive systems, vascular tone and normal muscle contraction. Sodium is also a component of an enzyme, responsible for energy production and the transport of highly significant amino acids and glucose into the cells of the body.
Consequences of shortage:
Among the main symptoms of this element deficiency are dryness and loss of skin elasticity, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, tachycardia, kidney function disorder, problems with the nervous system, and muscle weakness. Sodium deficiency accompanies body dehydration, which is quite dangerous. The maximum recommended rate of sodium is 2,000-2,300 mg. per day, which is equal to 5-6 g of salt.
Calcium (Ca). Performed functions:
Involved in the formation and strengthening of bone tissue. Essential for teeth growth. Helps to repair all cells, as it is an integral part of both their nucleus, and cellular and tissue fluids. Nervous system “nourishing” does not allow the nerves to become “loose”. Ensures normal functioning of the endocrine glands.
Consequences of shortage:
Hypocalcemia is often combined with potassium deficiency, which leads to excessive excitability of neurons. As a result, there are muscle cramps (shoulders, hands, larynx, facial muscles). Skin sensitivity also undergoes an impairment, and burning sensation or numbness arise. There is a development of the hemorrhagic syndrome, which is manifested by increased bleeding. Blood clotting is reduced. Dystrophic changes arise in the tissues, defects in the teeth, brittle nails, dull hair, dry skin, irregular heart rate is common and cataract develops. Calcium consumption rate for adult is 1,000-2,500 mg per day. The rate of consumption increases when playing sports, in the course of continual consumption of hormonal preparations, in case of diseases of blood, intestines and kidneys.
Sulfur (S). Performed functions:
Sulfur is converted into stable compounds in the human body - sulfates, sulfites, sulfides etc. Then being in this state, it is involved in the synthesis of amino carboxylic acids and the reproduction of biologically active substances, i.e. hormones, reproduced by the organs of internal secretion. The largest "deposits" of Sulfur are concentrated in the bones and hair. Slightly less substance may be found in the nails, as well as in tendons and joints. This macro element may also be found in all tissues and cells in a small amount, as it is this substance that is a component of protein amino acids. A small part of the macroelement is contained in proteins that can maintain elasticity of all tissues and skin.
Consequences of shortage:
The main symptoms that may indicate that Sulfur is supplied in insufficient amount (or poorly absorbed) are as follows: tachycardia; hypertension and vegetative-vascular dystonia; difficult passage of stool; acute (shooting) pain in the muscles and discomfort in the joints, which do not resolve in position at rest; crunching in the bones when walking; tonsillitis and processes of inflammation in the nasopharynx; low hemoglobin level; atopic dermatitis accompanied by skin peeling; allergic reactions, the cause of which cannot be determined; psoriasis. The daily necessity and consumption rate depends on the weight of the person and ranges from 350 to 1,280 mg.
Germanium (Ge). Performed functions:
This microelement is present in all tissues and organs of the body. The largest amount of Germanium is found in the blood, bone marrow, stomach, spleen and small intestine. Facilitates stimulation of the immune system (weakens processes that aid reproduction of microbial cells, and is involved in the activation of macrophages and specific immune cells). Suspends the development of dangerous neoplasms and inhibits the emergence of metastases (facilitates neutralization of negatively charged electrons of tumors, therefore delaying its development). Similar to haemoglobin, it provides Oxygen transportation in the tissues of the body, and also prevents the formation of Oxygen deficiency (blood hypoxia). Involved in regulation of all valve systems of digestion, peristalsis, as well as the venous system. Reduces pain sensations (compounds of this microelement stop the movement of electrons in nerve cells, thus reducing pain). Possesses beneficial antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial properties (helps to stimulate the production of interferon as a defense against foreign microorganisms)
Consequences of shortage:
The main symptoms of this microelement deficiency in the body are an increased risk of development of various oncological diseases, as well as osteoporosis development and demineralization of bone tissue. A healthy adult is recommended to consume germanium from 0.8 to 1.5 mg per day.
Boron (B). Performed functions:
Improves the metabolism of elements such as Fluorine, Zinc, Phosphorus, Calcium and magnesium; regulates the activity of the parathyroid hormone; influences the conversion of vitamin D into the optimal form for absorption; normalizes the production of nucleic acids; stimulates protein synthesis, thus renewing all cells of tissues and organs; regulates the activity of the entire nervous system and brain functions; improves the function of the gonads, both male and female; facilitates muscle growth; stabilizes the state of the body during menopause; involved in the production of enzymes and regulate their activity; increases estrogen and testosterone levels; regulates the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates; reduces formation level of kidney stones by reducing oxalates in the urine; enhances the action of insulin.
Consequences of shortage:
The first symptoms are very similar to the manifestations of osteoporosis: problems with hair, nails and teeth, and painful feelings in the joints and bones may also appear. The central nervous system is affected and as a consequence person becomes distracted, drowsy, it's reactions slow down. Long-term element deficiency leads to unpleasant symptoms and diseases: risk of osteoporosis for the patients of elderly age and women during menopause; immunity weakening; changes in blood composition; childhood growth retardation; decrease in brain activity and, accordingly, mental abilities; disruption of the endocrine system; complicated healing of wounds, traumas and fractures; predisposition to the development of diabetes mellitus. The macro element daily consumption rate is 1-3 mg.
Chromium (Cr). Performed functions:
It is contained in various organs and tissues, but most of all Chromium may be observed in the intestines, bones and cartilage, muscles, and thyroid gland. It takes part in glucose metabolism. Jointly with insulin, which is the pancreatic hormone, it delivers the aforesaid element to the cells, maintaining its normal level, and consequently prevents the onset of diabetes. It contains DNA and RNA, which contributes in maintaining the integrity and stability of nucleic acids. It also takes part in lipid metabolism and promotes the breakdown of fats. Chromium regulates cholesterol, preventing the formation of cholesterol plaques, and thus prevents the development of atherosclerosis. Chromium is involved in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels and helps to keep blood pressure at optimal values. Chromium contributes to the growth of muscle tissue, keeps muscles in good shape and thus physical strength. It also helps to remove toxic substances from the body: organic poisons and radionuclides.
Consequences of shortage:
There is a lack of chromium in the first stages: increased fatigue, weakness; anxiety, memory deterioration; headache; sleep disorders; hair dullness and loss, dry skin. Then other signs join these first symptoms: the limbs begin to grow numb, ache and tremble; weight increases or, conversely, decreases; a blood test reveals an increased level of "bad" cholesterol; there is a low or high glucose level. A healthy adult should receive 25-50 micrograms of chromium daily.
Tin (Sn). Performed functions:
Participation in growth processes; is involved in composition of the digestive enzyme - Gastrin; actively participates in oxidation-reduction reactions; due to its concentration in bone tissues, it contributes to their proper development and the development of the musculoskeletal system.
Consequences of shortage:
An insufficient amount of tin in the body is characterized by the following symptoms: growth retardation; hearing deterioration; weight loss; hair loss; mineral composition imbalance. The daily necessity for tin has not been precisely established. It is assumed that 2-10 mg per day is enough for a person.
Zinc (Zn). Performed functions:
The highest concentration of Zinc has been spotted in muscles (60%) and bones (30%). Also, a high concentration of Zinc is found in the prostate gland and semen. Zinc is required for the functioning or regulation of over 300 enzymes; participates in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids, amino acids, proteins, specific hormones (such as insulin, corticosteroids, testosterone); participates in the formation of a full and adequate immune response; ensures normal brain functioning, improves memory and mental performance; ensures normal growth and development; prevents oxidative damage to cells, has marked antioxidant properties; participates in the metabolism of fatty acids, vitamin A; involved in maintaining health of bones, skin, hair, nails.
Consequences of shortage:
Zinc deficiency leads to impaired growth, including in the prenatal period (decrease in linear growth and body weight); disorders in the immune system (in case of zinc deficiency, an increased tendency to pneumonia, diarrhoea, etc. is revealed); complications of pregnancy (in case of zinc deficiency, premature birth, foetal abnormalities are observed); macular degeneration (with age the amount of zinc in the retina decreases, which is also one of the prerequisites for the deterioration of central vision). Children physiologically require from 3 to 12 mg per day (depending on the age). Breastfeeding at least up to 6 months of age provides an adequate level of zinc intake in the child's body. Vegetarians may need up to 50% more zinc than the recommended level. The daily dose for an adult is 10-15 mcg.
Fluorine (F). Performed functions:
Fluorine is essential for the formation of both hard tissue of tooth, called dentin, and enamel. It protects teeth from decay or caries damage, creates a stable connection with Phosphorus and Calcium. During the first months of pregnancy and in the process of fetus development, baby's deciduous teeth are formed. And the foundation for baby's permanent teeth are laid in the last stages of fetus development. Therefore, it is highly important that there is a sufficient amount of Fluorine in the diet of a pregnant woman, as this will help to reduce the risk of developing of carries in young child. Fluorine helps to strengthen bones, speeds up wound healing, and improves iron absorption.
Consequences of shortage:
The lack of fluorine leads to the development of caries. This is a process accompanied by demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues of the tooth, followed by the formation of cavities.
Iodine (I). Performed functions:
Iodine is a component of thyroid gland hormones (thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone) and is necessary for their synthesis. They determine the level of metabolism, effect the conversion of food into energy and the way it is used. Thyroid gland hormones are important for the growth and development of all organs. Iodine is involved in the regulation of: energy metabolism, body temperature, rates of biochemical reactions, metabolism of proteins, fats, water-electrolyte metabolism, metabolism of a number of vitamins, processes of the organism growth and development, including neuropsychic development. In addition, Iodine increases oxygen consumption by tissues.
Consequences of shortage:
lack of iodine in the body leads to disruption of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, gastrointestinal tract. Most commonly, iodine deficiency is manifested by chronic fatigue syndrome, weak immunity, oedema, menstrual irregularities, anaemia, overweight, hypotension, and decreased intelligence. Iodine daily rate is 150-300 mcg.
Cobalt (Co). Performed functions:
Cobalt is one of the most important microelements. Its key function is haematopoiesis. It runs smoothly only provided that there is sufficient Cobalt quantity and its interaction with Iron and Copper. An important feature of this microelement, unique in its properties, is its ability to lower the level of cholesterol in the blood and remove it from the vessels. This property helps to prevent the formation of plaques that are unnecessary for human health. Also, this element is actively involved in the production of RNA and DNA cells, which are responsible for genetic information. Cobalt is one of the main stimulators of the process of hemoglobin synthesis in the blood and helps to best absorb iron. Involvement of this element is inevitable for sufficient growth of bone tissue. The thyroid gland needs it. Smooth production of its hormones, as well as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, takes place if there is sufficient quantity of Cobalt in the human body. It is an activator of these enzymes in enzymatic processes.
Consequences of shortage:
Deficiency of this microelement entails a handful of problems: the level of the B12 vitamin decreases; the nervous system become impaired; bone tissue degeneration occurs; the mucous membrane of the stomach gets destroyed; the coordinated functioning of the liver is disrupted.
Silicon (Si). Performed functions:
This microelement is needed for all human tissues and organs. It is essential for hair, nails and blood cells. Silicon is of great importance to maintain elasticity and strength of epithelial and connective tissue formations. Elasticity of the skin, blood vessels and tendons depends on the presence of Silicon compounds in the body.
Consequences of shortage:
In case of deficiency of silicon, diseases such as dermatitis, encephalitis, cataracts, tuberculosis, hepatitis, atherosclerosis, and gastritis can occur. Also, if silicon metabolism is disrupted in the body, it may cause baldness. The lack of this important microelement also leads to diabetes mellitus, malignant neoplasms, and diseases of the cardiovascular system. The nervous system also suffers, coordination of movements may deteriorate, irritability, general weakness, and an unreasonable feeling of fear and anxiety appear. In case of a deficiency of silicon, it is possible to observe the frequent occurrence of inflammatory diseases. Silicon also helps to stimulate the immune system, reduces the risk of strokes and heart attacks, improves the growth of nails and hair. The body especially needs silicon during parasitic invasions, physical exertion and during the period of active growth of children. Also, the reduced acidity of the stomach prevents the absorption of silicon.
Lithium (Li). Performed functions:
Lithium is not comprehensively assessed as per biological aspects. It may effect in the following ways: reduces excitability of the central nervous system; regulates Sodium travel in nerve and muscle cells; reduces the amount of available free norepinephrine in the central nervous system; reduces the content of serotonin in the central nervous system; increases the sensitivity of neurons in certain areas of the brain to the action of dopamine
Consequences of shortage:
It is complicated to identify them and easy to confuse with severe exhaustion. Deficiency causes: sleep disorders; increased irritability and tearfulness; aggressive behaviour; propensity for apathy and depression; sudden mood swings; moderate thirst; decrease in immunity.
Manganese (Mn). Performed functions:
First of all, Manganese is necessary for the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system. This microelement is concentrated in kidneys, liver, bones and pancreas. Manganese regulates blood sugar levels, facilitates calcium absorption and improves thyroid gland hormones performance. Moreover, the microelement influences the activity of metabolic processes and is involved in the formation of connective tissues.
Consequences of shortage:
Signs of manganese deficiency: increased fatigue. Manganese affects the synthesis of thyroxine, a thyroid hormone. Because of the deficiency of the microelement, insomnia, sudden mood swings and apathy appear, which last throughout the day. In case of nervous stress, the condition will worsen. Convulsions and spasms. The lack of a beneficial substance interferes with the normal absorption of important elements. As a result, a person is tormented by spasms and convulsions, which are often accompanied by panic attacks and suffocation attacks. Vertigo. Manganese deficiency interferes with the absorption of iron. As a result, it is possible to observe vertigo, which is accompanied by a temporary loss of orientation in space, nausea and vomiting. High blood pressure. The body begins to produce large amount of insulin. This leads to an increase in blood pressure, and in case of a slightest stress, everything can end in a stroke. Deterioration of the condition of hair, skin and nails. This usually occurs because of an unbalanced diet. With prolonged deficiency of the microelement, the skin becomes dry, a rash and dermatitis appear on it. Nails peel and break, and hair loses its shine. The daily consumption rate for women is 1.8 mg, and for men - 2.3 mg.
Copper (Cu). Performed functions:
Copper is an essential microelement for vital activity of human body. Most of it is concentrated in the liver, cerebrum, heart, kidneys and skeletal muscles. Copper facilitates collagen formation, iron absorption and plays an important role in energy production.
Consequences of shortage:
Lack of copper in the body can lead to an increased risk of infectious diseases, osteoporosis, neurological dysfunction and growth. Also, in the setting of its deficiency, depigmentation of hair and skin is possible to occur. Insufficient copper intake leads to neutropenia, namely to a decrease in the level of neutrophils in the blood. The main function of neutrophils in the human body is the fight against infectious diseases, i.e. the lower their level, the greater the likelihood of infections to develop. Severe copper deficiency is associated with bone tissue low mineral density and the risk of osteoporosis development among patients of the elderly age. Copper also plays an important role in maintaining the levels of collagen and elastin, the main structural components of the human body. Without sufficient amount of copper, body tissues begin to break down. Copper deficiency can contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. The recommended daily consumption rate is 900 mcg for adolescents and adults.
Molybdenum (Mo). Performed functions:
Molybdenum performs the following functions in the body: facilitates the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates; normalizes sexual function (helps to prevent the development of erectile dysfunction); stimulates growth (activates a number of enzymes necessary for the development and growth of the body); is among the range of enzymes essential for the body functioning; strengthens dental tissue (retains Fluorine in the body, protecting teeth from decay and contributing to the prevention of caries); accelerates the breakdown of purines and removes uric acid from the body (helps to prevent the development of gout); an important component of tissue respiration; participates in the synthesis of amino acids; effects blood composition (helps to produce hemoglobin); is involved in the synthesis of vitamin C, influences the metabolism of vitamins C, B12 and E; prevents anaemia (improves the absorption and utilization of iron); acts as an antitoxic factor (influences the breakdown of sulfides and alcohol); influences the quantitative and qualitative gut microbiota composition.
Consequences of shortage:
Molybdenum deficiency in the body can appear as a result of a long-term vegetarian diet, artificial nutrition, after injuries and burns, an excess of elements such as tungsten, sulfur, lead and sodium, which inhibit the absorption of molybdenum. Symptoms of a lack of molybdenum in the body are as follows: increased irritability, as well as excitability; the development of "night blindness", i.e. impairment of the visual adaptation; development of an impairment of the heart contractions rhythm (tachycardia). The daily necessity in molybdenum is about 70-300 mcg.
Nickel (Ni). Performed functions:
Nickel is involved in the activation of enzymes, hematopoiesis and the formation of carriers of genetic information, prolongs and enhances the action of insulin, has a beneficial effect on the activity of the kidneys and pituitary gland, helps cell membranes and nucleic acids to retain their structure, supplies oxygen to tissue cells, has the ability to reduce arterial pressure.
Consequences of shortage:
Nickel deficiency is extremely rare, usually characterized by stunted childhood growth, elevated blood sugar level, and decreased hemoglobin level.
Selenium (Se). Performed functions:
Selenium is an essential microelement for glutathione peroxidase, and the latter is the main antioxidant defence enzyme in the human body. Selenium is important for normal thyroid function and normal functioning of the immune, reproductive, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. It is involved in the glutathione peroxidase enzyme (an enzyme in the body's defense system against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species) and iodothyronine deiodinase (an enzyme that converts the inactive hormone thyroxine (T4) into active human 3-iodothyronine (T3). Selenium is functionally related to vitamin E.
Consequences of shortage:
Even a small deficiency of selenium can be involved in changes in the thyroid, immune and reproductive functions of the body, and can also lead to mental disorders. Selenium deficiency is noted in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, an increase in the virulence of viruses and a decrease in the body's defence against certain types of cancer.
Vanadium (V). Performed functions:
Vanadium accelerates reduction–oxidation processes; involved in the regulation of certain enzymes. This chemical element is involved in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Helps maintain vascular health; takes part in the strengthening of bone tissue; Vanadium helps in the Oxygen uptake by the liver tissues; helps to control blood sugar levels; helps to strengthen the protective properties of the body.
Consequences of shortage:
In case of vanadium deficiency, a decrease in cholesterol (both “bad” and “good”), an increase in the number of red blood cells are observed. The joint lack of vanadium, zinc and chromium in the body can lead to the development of diabetes mellitus.
Iron (Fe). Performed functions:
Sufficient amount of Iron is essential for erythropoiesis - the process of formation of red blood cells (erythrocytes). They contain the protein hemoglobin, which is responsible for transporting Oxygen to all cells in the body. Iron is involved in ensuring such highly important processes as: cell division; biosynthetic processes (including DNA synthesis); metabolism of biologically active compounds (catecholamines, collagen, tyrosine and other biologically active substances, etc.); energy metabolism (about half of the enzymes or cofactors of the Krebs cycle contain this metal or function in it's availability).
Consequences of shortage:
The first symptoms appear even at the stage when the amount of trace element is no longer sufficient, but this has not yet been reflected in the hemoglobin level. The general health of the person worsens. Person has rapid fatigue, constantly freezes, suffers from dyspnea during exertion, skin turns pale and goes peeling, hair begins to fall out. More specific symptoms indicate the development of iron deficiency anaemia: koilonychia. Nail plates acquire a concave shape; restless legs syndrome, i.e. pathological need to move the limbs at rest. Picacism - alimentary perversions, overwhelming desire to consume inedible objects. Glossitis - inflammation of the tongue accompanied by burning sensation or pain. Cheilitis - inflammation of the vermillion border accompanied with cracks in the oral commissures.
Macro elements are nutrients that are vital for the body in large quantities (more than 100 mg per day). They include Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Chlorine and Sulfur.
Microelements are nutrients that are vital for the body in small quantities (less than 100 mg per day). They include Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Selenium and Zinc.
The Micro and macro element section renders a probabilistic content of the elements in the body at the moment of measuring. The red arrow on the left, which indicates that element in the body is below the conventional norm. The green arrow on the right is for excess of microelement or a mineral. A digital value testifies about the level of a deviation from the norm in per cents.
It should be noted that this report is formed at the current moment and this parameter can alter, since a daily ration may contain both excess, and shortage of microelements and minerals, and the balance of microelements correspondingly alters. This is why it is required to conduct testing in the duration of 10-15 days, in order to identify the tendencies in shortage or excess of these substances, for a subsequent correction of nutrition and prescription of the BRT programs.
It is necessary to take heed of the measurements from 5% and higher. You should also pay attention to the measurements from 3% in children. In case if there is a tendency o shortage of over 10%, it is required both correction of nutrition, and the additional intake of microelements and minerals in the form of dietary supplements, with a compulsory prescription of the restorative BRT programs. In case of tendency to increase of the content, it is required to reconsider the ration in a daily nutrition, with a correction by the BRT programs, dedicated to a restoration of the body.
You will find on the right side a reference information regarding the deficient elements or their excess, as well as their role in the human body.
This report is formed pursuant to the principal of mathematical modelling based on the conducted tests of the state of health of the organs and systems of the body, with the option of a visualization of the vitamins absorption of the body. This data is an indirect information and can be the indicators for a specialist in a direction of further thorough examination within the medical services performed by specialists, but it must not be taken as an indication for unassisted self-administration of vitamins. The vitamins must be prescribed by a specialist - a doctor, after ensuring an exclusion an exclusion of contra-indications and detection of indications.